BibTeX, JabRef, Mendeley, Zotero, Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description, Volume 54, Number 4, dcembre 2009, pp. Here the source text can be described in words and then 'translated' into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. The second function is the case of adaptation. Eva Hung ( later revised Eileen Changs translation with an introduction and had it published by Columbia University Press. Within polysystem theory and the realms of literary translation (Even-Zohar 1990) we do find some work on intralingual or intersemiotic translation (Weissbrod 1998, 2004; Shavit 1986). It cannot be entirely ruled out that intralingual translation in some instances may go from simple to more complex. What is Intralingual example? Create an account to receive our newsletter, course recommendations and promotions. When we translate, we are not just describing an object or activity with different words and carrying across its meaning, we are creating new understandings of it (for example, that hare excrement crottle is different from horse dung doofers) and providing different perspectives through which to view it (that dung can be liquid ujller but also vary in size turdstool). Newmarks definition may be prototypical for him and many others, but it does not necessarily represent translational reality today. xii Book Endorsement Basics of Translation, by Dr Mahmoud Altarabin, a promising writer on translation, is a well-organized textbook in terms of the translation In theory, translation studies does not exclude intralingual translation, but de facto empirical studies or discussions on the subject of intralingual translation are few and far between. Consider this parodic intralingual translation by Alistair . Furthermore, that word exists within a multidimensional matrix that defines the four salient (for the Tofa people) parameters of reindeer: age, sex, fertility, and rideability. That is, strategies applied within interlingual translation today in accordance with the skopos of the translation brief (e.g., a certain amount of restructuring or reduction) may 20 years ago have been considered unacceptable and beyond the tools available to translation proper. To this end, the goal was to find a text which exists in many (available) versions and the Bible was an obvious choice it allows the study of a whole range of intralingual translations originating from the same basic content. What they offer is a description of the fundamental activity of translation, but a description which relies on open concepts and which is therefore able and willing to include a whole range of examples, from the prototypical to the peripheral, depending on the distance in question from the prototypical definition of the concepts involved. (Jakobson, 1959:233) . Bibelen (1948): (The 1948 Danish authorised version of the Bible.) The analyses on which this article is based were carried out on a limited number of texts and the characteristics found cannot necessarily be generalised to all kinds of intralingual translation. Intralingual translation can refer to rewording or paraphrasing, summarizing, expanding or commenting within a language. Consumers, patients, taxpayers, etc. . In this translation process, a phase of intralingual translation is added, i.e. Despite differences and diverse points of view among its participants, the conference was both provocative and productive. The parameter of knowledge often involves interpretation (explicitation, explanation, addition) of information which may be objective (It can be very cold outside in the winter in Judaea []) or subjective (the political/feminist comments of the 1973 family Bible). Place: 1411, At one of the rare occasions when intralingual translation is commented on in translation literature, Steiner (1975: 260-61) pointed out that the two kinds of translation raise issues of the same order and are, at crucial points, similar. EndNote, Papers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero, ENW According to Shuttleworth (1997: 88), Jakobson, by producing his three categories, simply suggested that translation belongs to a group of interlinked phenomena between which one can find family resemblances and Tymoczko (1998, 2005) argues for a broad perception of translation and suggests that we regard translation as a cluster concept which has to be defined non-finitely in line with Wittgensteins concept of family resemblance. The first thing that springs to mind when comparing the family picture Bible from 1973 with the authorised version from 1948 is the high number of words in the family version, namely 236 compared to 92 words in the 1948 version. Register for a FutureLearn account to get personalised course recommendations and offers straight to your inbox. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:). USA: P.S.I. Maria and Joseph gave him the name Jesus, just as the angel had told them to. Three levels of translation: intralingual. this is a fork, you use it to put food in your mouth) and when we deal with different professionals who often paraphrase bits of their speech for a non-specialist (i.e. In Week 2, we will explore how translation that crosses over different media changes the relationship between the text and its viewers, turning spectators into translators. Newmark, as a case in point, would consider such activities to be what he terms restricted translation falling outside the scope of translation theory proper (Gutt 1991/2000: 394; Newmark 1981: 12). The Bible as a source text is a complicated matter though because of the interlingual translation which is also involved. Nevertheless, conclusive findings have yet to be reached regarding the effectiveness of integrating subtitles into L2 classrooms. In my view neither of these two requirements are necessary conditions for a document/product to constitute a translation and they would effectively exclude all intralingual translation. (see Shuttleworth 1997: 87-88 and Gambier 1992 for more examples as one of the few, Gambier actually writes about intralingual translation, but though interesting, the article is not based on empirical work and does not compare with interlingual translation). The implication is that translation is a component in all language transactions and Jakobson divides these transactions into three kinds of translation or ways of interpreting a verbal sign: intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; interlingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; intersemiotic translation or transmutation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of nonverbal sign systems. The 1992 version is allegedly a new translation from Greek, but as mentioned above the translators do of course consult other modern language versions and in this case have leaned heavily on the 1948 version. The New Testament in everyday Danish from 1985/2002 (the five verses analysed are exactly the same in both editions) resembles the authorised version from 1948 (and the one from 1992) in both length and content. Viborg: Det Danske Bibelselskab. Sharing the same function as interlingual translation, its performances can be ideological and historical. However, the extension also comes from subjective additions to the text, presumably to make it come more alive to children, but also in a few instances to vent the translators own views. Routledge, 1995), "Here, then, is the full process of translation. Jakobson argued for a broad, inclusive definition of translation as a phenomenon fundamental to all language transactions. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. ZethsenUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmarkkkz@asb.dk, An article of the journal En thorie, la traductologie nexclut pas la traduction intralinguale, mais, dans les faits, les tudes empiriques ou les essais sur ce thme sont peu courantes. Nordquist, Richard. The first intralingual workshop in the field of translation was held in 2014 at Bogazici University in Istanbul. Based on her intralingual translation Eileen Chang later translated this book into English which was unearthed among her papers at the University of Southern California, where she moved to from Shanghai since 1956. Tymoczko (1998, 2005) is not particularly concerned with intralingual translation, but her arguments for a broad perception of translation are very relevant. The intralingual translation that will be studied is a specific example: the rewriting of British novels for the North American market. The novel had been neglected by the major scholars for a couple of decades until it was discovered by Lu Xun () and Hu Shi(). 11. Novices (second-semester MA students of specialized translation or journalism ), Experienced text producers (at least five years of experience), Intralingual vs. Interlingual translaiton. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Dans le prsent article, nous soutenons que la traduction intralinguale doit faire partie intgrante de la traductologie en raison de ses multiples similarits avec la traduction interlinguale. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. lingual translation. Zijian Yang found that in translating Chinese classics into foreign languages, intralingual translation can be used as a reference for the translators, even for sinologists who are in a process of translating Chinese classics into foreign languages. I completely agree, and this is why I think that by neglecting a whole strand of translation activities (which may not be translation proper but which nevertheless share strong family resemblances), we lose out on useful insights. [] to be taxed in the city from which their people originally came. [] and then the bed was as soft and as clean as you could ask for. Though the Danish 1948 version has not been translated from King James, but from Greek, it reads as an almost direct translation thereof (92 words): Og alle gik hen for at lade sig indskrive, hver til sin by. Teachers can make use of the simplified or paraphrased version for teaching in class, a kind of practice which would otherwise be done in a senior stage. He finishes it, with misgivings. Usually, transliteration handles only Out-Of-Vocabulary . Cookies at au.dk The parameter of space refers to instances where the text is either reduced or extended, i.e., the physical space of the text is changed. This is discussed by Snell-Hornby (1999, 2006) who heavily criticises and warns against a too narrow perception of translation (in general, and Newmarks definition in particular) the traditional linguistic transcoding activity (Snell-Hornby 1999: 164) and of the tasks of the modern-day translator, which need to be reflected to some extent in our theoretical discussions if they are to remain meaningful. In this video lecture, we will study the difference b/w interlingual and intralingual translation. 2. I can express the notion 'four year old male uncastrated domesticated reindeer' in English. The content has remained constant both denotatively and connotatively. Even though the empirical study of intralingual translation is meagre, no one can deny that intralingual translation is a widespread phenomenon and that it is easy to find many very different instances of this kind of translation (within expert-layman communication, for instance, they abound). It was between the fracas and the navel.' This example shows the importance of understanding or decoding the message content in communication. are all part of modern life, of reality. Examples. An attempt at description: intralingual translation, 4. The parameter of culture refers to the need to explain cultural references in a text which time or general background knowledge prevent the target group from understanding even though the languages involved are the same; this is the case in the everyday version and in the childrens versions. Parents and primary teachers ask pupils to learn and recite the texts, which are difficult even for adults. The disturbances mentioned are under these two condition such as: interlingual interference (also known as transfer between languages) and intralingual interference (also known as transfer in one. The illusion of transparency is an effect of fluent discourse, of the translator's effort to ensure easy readability by adhering to current usage, maintaining continuous syntax, fixing a precise meaning. FutureLearn uses cookies to enhance your experience of the website. Old and complex expressions are replaced by simpler contemporary ones. ), but the hypothesis will not be explored further in this article. Privacy Policy However, I have never seen a detailed, empirically-based attempt to describe the general characteristics of intralingual translation and the strategies employed or compare it with interlingual translation. Translation (whether interlingual, intralingual or intersemiotic) is seen as part of the semiotic concept of transfer and special focus is on transfer from one culture to another. Intralingual translation has a strong tendency to involve a form of simplification where it becomes the main purpose of the translation, and because of this tendency the micro-strategies applied (additions, omissions, restructuring, etc.) This chapter describes the broad phenomenon of intralingual translation, better known by such terms as reformulation, rewording, or paraphrasing. If we know more about differences as well as similarities, the insights provided by both fields would be more useful. (A picture Bible for very small children.) We have seen that descriptions of translation claim that meaning can be carried across between languages, however dressed up or repackaged it is, and we have begun to question the assumption that meaning remains unchanged during this process. The version for very small children which is analysed is based on an English-language version (The Beginners Bible) and in the case of the New Testament in everyday Danish, the translators state in its preface that they have consulted several new foreign versions, especially The Living Bible in English, but that the Danish translation is considerably closer to the source text than the former. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. expert-to-lay translation & interpreting) intralingual translation as adaptation of classics for children Intralingual translations instigated by the parameter of time (diachronic translations) are typically new and more contemporary translations of classical texts (religious texts, literature): Every generation retranslates the classics, out of a vital compulsion for immediacy and precise echo (Steiner 1975: 29-30). The facts that Maria was with child and that the child was her firstborn have been left out. To this end, five different versions of the same text have been analysed. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Some time later we have a translator struggling to approximate the vision, not to mention the particulars of language and voice, of the text that lies before him. Even though translation scholars mention and acknowledge Jakobsons other kinds of translation these are often classified as peripheral or de facto considered of no real relevance to the discipline of translation studies. Mllehave, Johannes (1991): Alle brns Bibel. We believe learning should be an enjoyable, social experience, so our courses offer the opportunity to discuss what youre learning with others as you go, helping you make fresh discoveries and form new ideas. (Yang Zijian, Citation2005:62). Chesterman (2018, this issue) notes that 'whether we lump interlingual and intralingual translation together into a single category, or propose a split into two categories, depends entirely on the purpose (s) we envisage for such a categorization'. We can all, Im sure, think of multiple terms to describe human excrement and if they dont come to mind, do ask your nearest 5-6 year olds and youll have a full list in no time but in his exploration of the language of landscape, nature writer Robert MacFarlane unearthed a surprising number of forgotten English terms for animal dung. The target group is adults who prefer a traditional, formal version. For the sake of comparison, a general description of intralingual translation and its characteristics on the basis of five different Danish versions of a section of the Bible and an analysis of the microstrategies employed in each version are proposed. The changes made centre around the difference in time between the two versions and the aim is to make a traditional, close translation/version gently brought up to date to make it more accessible to contemporary readers. Taking China as an example, the intralingual translation was used for the construction of modern vernacular. Practically all information has been transferred, but the order of the information has been changed in quite a few instances and pictures have been added. However, there are lots of less obvious examples, especially when it comes to ambiguous or idiomatic sentences, such as sayings, which are often hard to translate How do I view content? The productive function of translation, which creates new meanings alongside transferring them from the source text, is also evident in the third type of translation outlined by Roman Jakobson: intersemiotic translation, or translation between media or sign systems. Again Steiner builds on Jakobson who also discussed, for instance, the fact that the challenge of synonymy in intralingual translation resembles the challenge of equivalence in interlingual translation (Jakobson 1959/2000: 114; Shuttleworth 1997: 88; Dam-Jensen and Zethsen, 2008). Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde. However, nothing in the description should be considered necessary or sufficient to define translation. The first scholarly gathering of its kind, it gained the attention of translation scholars across nations. Are the strategies applied in intralingual translation different from those applied in interlingual translation? FG (functional grammar) looks at how language works, of great importance is the . In the latter case, the aim of the intralingual translation is no longer merely comprehension of the factual content of the text there is also an element of expressivity/persuasion. The above constitutes a description of translation which, though not as broad as Steiners all-embracing hermeneutic approach, still sees the phenomenon of translation as much more fundamental to human communication than more traditional translation studies definitions. Here the source text can be described in words and then translated into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. The witness is intimidated by the formality of the court setting, and assumes that the unfamiliar word, 'fracas', is a polite euphemism. P-nr: 1013139411, EAN-nr: 5798000418363 Then follows the sentence: Kejseren ville taelle folk i de byer, de var fdt i. EndNote (version X9.1 and above), Zotero, BIB All but strictly necessary cookies are currently disabled for this browser. for at lade sig indskrive tillige med Maria, sin trolovede, som var frugtsommelig. "Translation: Definition and Examples." IntroductionAccording to Peter Newmark, translation is "rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text" (Peter Newmark, 1988: 4). The codes of different discourse communities within the same language may be almost as different from each other as two different national languages (Kirkness 1997: 5). In the preface to the Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Baker also, argues that we have been narrow and restrictive in defining our object of study and expresses concern about the lack of research outside the field of translation proper: [] intralingual translation is not such a minor issue as the existing literature on translation might suggestI know of no research that looks specifically at the phenomena of intralingual or intersemiotic translation. Examples An example of Interlingual Translation would be the Bible. For example, in the case of translating to English from Ukrainian using Russian as an . Two features differ significantly from all the other intralingual translations, including the other Bible for children, namely firstly the fact that the structure of the text has been changed radically and does not follow the traditional structure (restructuring of the order of information is also seen in the family Bible from 1973, but in this version for very small children the restructuring is much more radical) and secondly that quite a number of content omissions have been made. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. A legendary story in dialects has finally been developed into the legendary world of intralingual, interlingual and inter-semiotic translations. Find a translation for the intralingual definition in other languages: Select another language: - Select - (Chinese - Simplified) (Chinese - Traditional) Furthermore, the need for translation within the same language is also indicative of the richness of perspectives, knowledge and cultures that exist within our linguistic traditions (however forgotten). It is a difference, but it is perhaps not as monumental as one might think. Un article de la revue Meta (Volume 54, numro 4, dcembre 2009, p. 643-890) diffuse par la plateforme rudit. Karen Complete equivalence as well as absolute synonymy is very rare (if it exists at all) and this fundamental dilemma of interpretation is shared by rewording as well as translation proper (Steiner 1975: 261): What Jakobson calls rewording an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language in fact raises issues of the same order as translation proper (Steiner 1975: 414). He has a definition is intralingual example, examples generally to try to translation and intralingually translated versions are. It is this basic message which is intralingually translated into new versions, irrespective of the element (small or great) of interlingual translation intralingual translation is crucial in each new version. Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page Throughout the article the discussion will rely on an open definition of translation which reflects the many-faceted nature of the activity. If we regard translation as a cluster concept, i.e., as an open concept, our requirements for category membership do not take the form of necessary conditions, but family resemblances; sometimes overall similarities, sometimes similarities of detail which overlap and criss-cross (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67) in the same way as resemblances between members of a family.

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