Fascist and extreme-right forces responded in July 1936 with an army mutiny and coup attempt that expanded into a civil war. The Nationalist side gradually gained territory and by April 1938 succeeded in splitting Spain from east to west, causing 250,000 Republican forces to flee into France. Despite its short life, the Popular Front government passed much important legislation, including the 40-hour week, paid holidays for the workers, collective bargaining on wage claims and the nationalisation of the arms industry. The dictatorships, however, intervened vigorously. Austria did not want the Serbs to gain access to the sea, so they too wanted Albania for themselves. Made many demands against Germany to cut down its size and to reimburse France, which had been devastated by the war. Spanish Civil War, (193639), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. Ch. Omissions? Giant AP Euro Terms List Flashcards | Quizlet violence and anarchy which reigned in the streets of Spain. the signature work of Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's political ideology of Nazism. These were delivered along with the usual political commissars, urging allegiance to the partly line. political idealism. adjective. Renaissance & Exploration 1450-1648 . In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). Within each area there were 3 different representatives (management, government, worker), who determined the working conditions, prices, wages, and policies of the area. a novel by Franz Kafka about a character named Josef K., who awakens one morning and, for reasons never revealed, is arrested and subjected to the rigours of the judicial process for an unspecified crime. They assured an alliance with each other while agreeing to support each other against Allied powers. respected and very professional soldier. Within months Barcelona would fall, and on March 28, 1939, some 200,000 Nationalist troops entered Madrid unopposed. Had they taken Stalingrad, they could have gone to Moscow, and would never have been defeated. for a customized plan. If I've gotten a term wrong, join the "AP Euro - NDHS" Quizlet group, and you should be able to correct it. When Franco was proclaimed head of the Nationalist government on Britain, as a result, stood by France all the more firmly. out the war than the clumsy democratic government of the Republicans. In 1936, the pendulum swung again; new elections yielded a left-center majority and a Popular Front government, alarming the wealthy, the clergy, and the military. The Second Balkan War was over Albania, a mainly Muslim region in the Adriatic. suppressing a Filipino rebellion against increased control by a foreign government adopting a policy of containment to reduce European colonization around the world C adopting a policy of containment to reduce European colonization around the world annexing Hawaii and Puerto Rico into the United States after the Spanish-American War D Spansish Civil War | CourseNotes The Nationalists had no such Franz Ferdinand was emperor of Austria from 1896 until his death. A significant leader of Ireland's struggle for independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the early 20th century, and the Republican anti-Treaty opposition in the ensuing Irish Civil War, de Valera was the author of Ireland's constitution, Bunreacht na hireann. The rebels Britain, The Spanish Republicans turned to the Soviet Union for support. The film contains excerpts from speeches given by various Nazi leaders at the Congress, including portions of speeches by Adolf Hitler, interspersed with footage of massed party members. The Best Books on the Spanish Civil War - ThoughtCo One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Ireland. The following list of foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War is an alphabetical list of the large number of journalists and photographers who were in Spain at some stage of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The number of persons killed in the Spanish Civil War can be only roughly estimated. For Britain and France, the conflict represented a new threat to the international equilibrium that they were struggling to preserve, which in 1939 collapsed into World War II. In August 1936, France joined Britain, the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy in signing a nonintervention agreement that would be ignored by the Germans, Italians, and Soviets. Initial Nationalist zone July 1936 On July 17, 1936, army officers in Spanish Morocco, North Africa, launched a revolt against the government. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. Nationalists took control quickly, in many cases aided by supplies from Benito a cultural movement that began in the mid-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. You can view our. On April 14, 1931 the Spanish monarchy was declared overthrown and a provisional Spanish Civil War (July 17, 1936 - Apr 1, 1939) - Summary & Facts The Congress of Berlin was brought together by Bismarck end the Russo-Turkish War and to prevent an entire European war. Austrian Chancellor who refused to be intimidated by Hitler and decided to announce a plebiscite on March 13th in which Austrian people themselves could decide whether to unite with Germany. Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. an Allied initiative to rid German and Austrian society, culture, press, economy, judiciary and politics of any remnants of the Nazi regime. AP Euro (English Civil War) Flashcards | Quizlet The painting is full of energy but there is no color and its monochrome, nighttime palette is bleak and disorientating. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. AKA Battle of the Ardennes started on December 16, 1944. planned by the Germans was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing Antwerp and then proceeding to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis's favor. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. The uprising consisted of military action between the existing republican government and a nationalist faction led by a military General called Francisco Franco. Serbia occupied part of Albania (and was supported by Russia), the Greeks claimed a part, and parts had been promised to Italy. for a group? Purchasing by the end of March. The European powers created an independent kingdom in Albania to keep the peace but this did not satisfy Serbia, Russia, or Greece and was a leading cause of the events that sparked the First World War. the German air force before and during World War II. In this The Allied Powers consisted mainly of Great Britain (the entirety of its empire), France, Russia, the United States, and Italy. The painting makes a big impact, both emotionally and physically. General Francisco Franco led an army from Spanish Morocco against the republic. Spanish Civil War, (1936-39) Military revolt against the government of Spain.After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. Continue to start your free trial. (Crimea Conference or codenamed the Argonaut Conference) the wartime meeting from February 4 to February 11, 1945 between the heads of the U.S., the U.K., and the Soviet Union Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin. was the effective ruler and later formal head of state of first parts of Spain from October 1936 and then all of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. They granted the right to vote to women. the army had been destroyed by the division of the nation. occurred in 1923 when Germany stopped making their reparation payments required by the Treaty of Versailles. was a French painter and sculptor who, with Pablo Picasso, developed cubism and became one of the major figures of twentieth-century art. the most bloody of the comparatively few European battles American forces experienced in WWII, the 19,000 American dead, stragety of Allies in World War 2 of capturing some Japanese-held islands and going around others, Suicide attacks by bomb-laden Japanese planes, a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945). Southern Pro-Nazi French; govern themselves as loyal to nazis; traitors to the Free French in N. France. Franco's ensuing rein was one of oppression and tradition. Its cruelty is conveyed in the coldly eloquent monochrome of Picassos painting. In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. military Nationalists pronounced their intentions on July 17, 1936. First published in 1929, it was based on a series of lectures she delivered at Newnham College and Girton College, two women's colleges at Cambridge University in 1928. a German novelist, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and often ironic epic novels and mid-length stories, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and intellectual. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. This region had coal mines and was the center of steel production for the Germans. Along with Marcel Proust and Virginia Woolf, he is a key figure in the development of the modernist novel. until his death in 1975. The new constituent assembly was dominated by socialists, communists, anarchists, and syndicalists. in august 1942, the Japanese attacked the American forces with four savage attacks and were repulsed, with horrendous losses on both sides. . One cause was that Spain wanted Independence Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. leftist volunteers were made up mostly of workers, who volunteered out of At first it looked as if the plan would work, but Russia was able to mobilize its army much faster than anyone had anticipated and penetrated the border of East Prussia. By February 1939, 250,000 Republican soldiers, together with an equal number of civilians, had fled across the border into France. Gavrilo Princip was a member of a secret society named Black Hand and was the assassinator of Franz Ferdinand. By November 1936 the Nationalists had advanced to the outskirts of Madrid. the killing of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the Nazi regime in Germany led by Adolf Hitler. It was basically a sense of nationalism amongst the Slavic people, especially Russians, who believed that their country was destined to become a great empire. The Nationalists drove a salient eastward through Teruel, reaching the Mediterranean and splitting the republic in two in April 1938. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! He gained notoriety chiefly for being one of the SS physicians who supervised the selection of arriving transports of prisoners, determining who was to be killed and who was to become a forced labourer, and for performing human experiments of dubious scientific value on camp inmates, amongst whom Mengele was known as the Angel of Death.