It also decided that the Public . According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. >> 7 Topics . This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . History of federal system of government in nigeria. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. welcome, and thanks for reading us. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. 2. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of Unity of the country: 3.3 3. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. Federalism - Federal Features of Indian Constitution For UPSC! International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. ICT and Its Impact on National Development In Nigeria: An Overview And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Your email address will not be published. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br endobj In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? by the federal or any state government. |4-Iv Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . Nigeria. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS - Academia.edu Rt. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. % Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes However, that is not so in a federal government system. /Font << At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. /Resources << /Height 235 The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. ff>qsfN? It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. >> Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. %PDF-1.5 Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. stream It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. 2. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. /F4 15 0 R 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria: Challenges and the - SSRN 6 0 obj Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. /F7 24 0 R Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. Payment Details. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. >> The Plural nature of Nigeria. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. He rejects the assertion that 1. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. This is because most of the power (financial and. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. Email Address. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Pls visit us again dear reader. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA

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