(19) Die builder means any person who builds dies for power presses. If the preliminary decision is in favor of recognition, a member of the public, or if the preliminary decision is against recognition, the applicant may request a public hearing by the close of the comment period, if it supplies detailed reasons and evidence challenging the basis of the Assistant Secretary's preliminary decision and justifying the need for a public hearing to bring out evidence which could not be effectively supplied through written submissions. (i) Straight relieved flanges made according to Table O-6 and Figure O-32 shall be recessed at least one-sixteenth inch on the side next to the wheel for a distance as specified in Table O-6. The interior surface of all guards, by which is meant the surface of the guard with which a belt will come in contact, shall be smooth and free from all projections of any character, except where construction demands it; protruding shallow roundhead rivets may be used. (3) Bolster plate means the plate attached to the top of the bed of the press having drilled holes or T-slots for attaching the lower die or die shoe. When frequent oiling must be done, openings with hinged or sliding self-closing covers shall be provided. b. (i) Mechanical power presses used in the PSDI mode shall be operated under the control of a safety system which, in addition to meeting the applicable requirements of paragraphs (b)(13) and (c)(5) and other applicable provisions of this section, shall function such that a single failure or single operating error shall not cause injury to personnel from point of operation hazards. b. Visors or other accessory equipment shall not be included as a part of the guard when measuring the guard opening, unless such equipment has strength equal to that of the guard. The midrail may be one by four (1 x 4) inches or more. (v) The PSDI mode of operation shall be used only for normal production operations. Saws to which gum has adhered on the sides shall be immediately cleaned. (viii) Supplemental safeguarding shall be used to protect all areas of access to the point of operation which are unprotected by the PSDI presence sensing device. formatting. (ii) The following checks shall be made at the beginning of each shift and whenever a die change is made. (4) Flywheels and bearings. f. The applicant shall certify that the information submitted is accurate. (a) All guards shall be rigidly braced every three (3) feet or fractional part of their height to some fixed part of machinery or building structure. c. Function completion means for, electrical, electromechanical and electronic devices, when the circuit produces a change of state in the output element of the device. (3) Each hand-fed jointer with a horizontal cutting head shall have an automatic guard which will cover all the section of the head on the working side of the fence or gage. A hearing will be granted to an objecting member of the public if evidence of failure to meet the requirements of this appendix is supplied to OSHA. 653, 655, 657; Secretary of Labor's Order No. (See Figures O-14 and O-15. Where both runs of horizontal belts are seven (7) feet or less from the floor level, the guard shall extend to at least fifteen (15) inches above the belt or to a standard height except that where both runs of a horizontal belt are 42 inches or less from the floor, the belt shall be fully enclosed in accordance with paragraphs (m) and (o) of this section. (ii) Unused keyways shall be filled up or covered. 12. 1910.109 Explosives and blasting agents. (11) The frames and all exposed, noncurrent-carrying metal parts of portable electric woodworking machinery operated at more than 90 volts to ground shall be grounded and other portable motors driving electric tools which are held in the hand while being operated shall be grounded if they operate at more than 90 volts to ground. This table shows the distances that guards shall be positioned from the danger line in accordance with the required openings. Momentary operation of the stop control shall immediately deactivate the clutch and apply the brake. Installed in the front and in the back of each mill and located within 2 inches of a vertical plane tangent to the front and rear rolls. (iii) Where brake engagement and clutch release is effected by spring action, such spring(s) shall operate in compression on a rod or within a hole or tube, and shall be of non-interleaving design. The validation organization shall demonstrate that: a. A means of air lubrication shall be provided when needed. 1910.213 Woodworking machinery requirements. (iv) Air piping shall conform to the specifications of the ANSI B31.1.0-1967, Power Piping with Addenda issued before April 28, 1971, which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6. (iii) Air-lift hammers shall be provided with two drain cocks: one on main head cylinder, and one on clamp cylinder. (1) Feed rolls and saws shall be protected by a hood or guard to prevent the hands of the operator from coming in contact with the in-running rolls at any point. Materials should be placed on the conveyor so that they will ride safely. Copyright OSHA Safety Manuals | All Rights Reserved, Care For Your Half-Mask Air-Purifying Respirator, Cold Weather Hazards Of Propane Fueled Vehicles, Machine Safety- Requirements For Safeguards, IIPP Injury and Illness Prevention Program. This exposure shall begin at a point not more than 65 above the horizontal plane of the wheel spindle. (3) The top of the cutting chain and driving mechanism shall be enclosed. 1910.166-1910.168 [Reserved] 1910.108 [Reserved] The manufacturer shall evaluate and certify, and the OSHA-recognized third-party validation organization shall validate, the design and operation of the safety system by determining conformance with the following: a. (2) Open framehammers (or blacksmith hammers) mean hammers used primarily for the shaping of forgings by means of impact with flat dies. Subpart PHand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment. Integrated Tests Certification/Validation. 1910.261 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills. b. Vertical and inclined shafting seven (7) feet or less from floor or working platform, excepting maintenance runways, shall be enclosed with a stationary casing in accordance with requirements of paragraphs (m) and (o) of this section. A recognized validation organization may apply to OSHA for an expansion of its current recognition to cover other categories of PSDI certification/validation in addition to those included in the current recognition. (9) Flanges means collars, discs or plates between which wheels are mounted and are referred to as adaptor, sleeve, or back up type. 1910.212 General requirements for all machines. The mark or logo shall be suitable for incorporation into the label required by paragraph (h)(11)(iii) of this section. Each manufacturer supplying parts, components, subsystems, and assemblies needs to maintain the quality of the product, and each employer needs to maintain the system in a non-degraded condition. Amendments and withdrawals. D. Similarity analysis may be used in lieu of tests where it can be shown that the article is similar in design, manufacturing process, and quality control to another article that was previously certified/validated in accordance with equivalent or more stringent criteria. (4) If there is a counterweight, one of the following or equivalent means shall be used to prevent its dropping: (i) It shall be bolted to the bar by means of a bolt passing through both bar and counterweight; (ii) A bolt shall be put through the extreme end of the bar; (iii) Where the counterweight does not encircle the bar, a safety chain shall be attached to it; (iv) Other types of counterweights shall be suspended by chain or wire rope and shall travel in a pipe or other suitable enclosure wherever they might fall and cause injury. In powerplants only the lower run of the belt need be guarded. Gears shall be guarded in accordance with one of the following methods: Hand-operated gears. Without hearing. Band type guards shall conform to the following general specifications: (i) The bands shall be of steel plate or other material of equal or greater strength. The third-party validation organization, the validating laboratory, and the employees of each shall meet the requirements set forth in this section of this appendix. All manually operated valves and switches shall be clearly identified and readily accessible. Since that time there have been several revisions, 1987, 1990, 1993, an Addenda in 1992, 2003, 2009, 2012, and 2015. (x) All components and subsystems of the control system shall be designed to operate together to provide total control system compliance with the requirements of this section. 1910.6 Incorporation by reference. Conduct or recertification/revalidation. The hood and mounting shall be arranged so that the hood will automatically adjust itself to the thickness of and remain in contact with the material being cut but it shall not offer any considerable resistance to insertion of material to saw or to passage of the material being sawed. (60) Brake monitor means a sensor designed, constructed, and arranged to monitor the effectiveness of the press braking system. 1910.424 SCUBA diving. (4) Guide post hazard. The assumptions made during the analysis should be clearly stated and a description of the effects of these assumptions on the conclusions and limits should be included. (iii) Table O-8 and Figure O-35 show minimum dimensions for straight flanges that are an integral part of wheel sleeves which are frequently used on precision grinding machines. Consistency of braking action is enhanced by high brake torque. 1910.252 General requirements. (13) Control reliability. (41) Knockout means a mechanism for releasing material from either die. However, in determining eligibility for a foreign-based third-party validation organization, OSHA shall take into consideration whether there is reciprocity of treatment by the foreign government after consultation with relevant U.S. government agencies. (ii) The spindle end, nut, and outer flange may be exposed on machines designed as portable saws. (4) Clutch means the coupling mechanism used on a mechanical power press to couple the flywheel to the crankshaft, either directly or through a gear train. (5) Power-transmission apparatus located in basements. Standard conditions shall be secured by the use of the following materials. Tr = Longest response time, in seconds, of all interposing control elements between the presence sensing device and the clutch/brake operating mechanism(s). (i) Tight and loose pulleys on all new installations made on or after August 31, 1971, shall be equipped with a permanent belt shifter provided with mechanical means to prevent belt from creeping from loose to tight pulley. ANSI B20.1-1976 was an extensive revision from the 1957 code. The press manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed. Specifications Met: ANSI Z359.14, OSHA 1910.66, OSHA 1926.502 ; 3M Protecta Fall Protection AD120BC Rebel Self-Retracting Lifeline With Swivel Hook, 310 lb Load . 1910.1052 Methylene chloride. If you would like to comment on the current content, please use the 'Content Feedback' button below for instructions on contacting the issuing agency. Such flanges shall be at least one-fourth the wheel diameter. (3) Steam hammers mean a type of drop hammer where the ram is raised for each stroke by a double-action steam cylinder and the energy delivered to the workpiece is supplied by the velocity and weight of the ram and attached upper die driven downward by steam pressure. SOURCE: 39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, unless otherwise noted. (Ts is defined as the sum of the kinetic energy dissipation time plus the pneumatic/magnetic/hydraulic reaction time of the clutch/brake operating mechanism(s).). Other material, designs or dimensions affording equal or superior protection are also acceptable. learn more about the process here. Belt shifter and clutch handles shall be rounded and be located as far as possible from danger of accidental contact, but within easy reach of the operator. (3) Surface condition. 2. This is an automated process for (11) Band type guards - general specifications. (ii) Fixed or permanent lead pot installations shall be exhausted. 553. Some metals can be forged at room temperature, but the majority of metals are made more plastic for forging by heating. (i) Diamond wheels, except certain vitrified diamond wheels. a. (c) Presses. If the safeguard is not described in this section, give a complete description. 1910.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories. Learn more about the eCFR, its status, and the editorial process. By a band guard covering the face of gear and having flanges extended inward beyond the root of the teeth on the exposed side or sides. (iii) Safety tripwire cable or wire center cord. OSHA may inspect the facilities of the third-party validation organization and any validating laboratory, and while there shall review any additional documentation underlying the application. and 2. for the combined position. (3) Guarding vertical and inclined shafting. A safety trip control shall be provided in front and in back of each mill. (2) It is recommended, however, that no projecting setscrews or oilcups be used in any revolving pulley or part of machinery. Hand feeding tools are intended for placing and removing materials in and from the press. However, the guarding of these gears is highly recommended. Where two or more knives are used in one head, they shall be properly balanced. (4) Hand feeding tools. Installed in the front and in the back of each mill and located within 2 inches of a vertical plane tangent to the front and rear rolls. 1910.146 Permit-required confined spaces. 8. A summary of part level content is listed below followed by the table of contents, where you can drill down further. (2) Cutting heads on wood-turning lathes, whether rotating or not, shall be covered as completely as possible by hoods or shields. 1910.1053 Respirable crystalline silica. Where any portion of the train of gears guarded by a band guard is less than six (6) feet from the floor a disk guard or a complete enclosure to the height of six (6) feet shall be required. 1910.184 Slings. Preliminary disapproval. c. Demonstration that review has been made of the reports covering the design certification/validation, the installation certification/validation, and all recertification/revalidations, in order to detect any degradation to an unsafe condition, and that necessary changes have been made to restore the safety system to previous certification/validation levels. They allow workers to reduce the amount of materials handled manually thereby increasing work capacity and production output. Spacers shall be equal in diameter to the mounting flanges and have equal bearing surfaces. 1. (b) Attachments shall be adjusted to prevent the operator from reaching into the point of operation or to withdraw the operator's hands from the point of operation before the dies close. The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides for safety guards used on grinders known as automatic snagging machines shall not exceed 180 and the top half of the wheel shall be enclosed at all times. (ix) If foot control is provided, the selection method between hand and foot control shall be separate from the stroking selector and shall be designed so that the selection may be supervised by the employer. (11) Rivet making machines mean the same as upsetters and boltheaders when producing rivets with stock diameter of 1-inch or more. (7) Machines using part revolution clutches. (ii) The employer shall certify that employees have been trained by preparing a certification record which includes the identity of the person trained, the signature of the employer or the person who conducted the training, and the date the training was completed. e-CFR 1910.219 (a) General requirements. While it is permitted to use signs to warn people of hazards in addition to those listed in this area, other accident prevention signs and tags can't have the same design and appearance. (i) All exposed parts of horizontal shafting seven (7) feet or less from floor or working platform, excepting runways used exclusively for oiling, or running adjustments, shall be protected by a stationary casing enclosing shafting completely or by a trough enclosing sides and top or sides and bottom of shafting as location requires. (iii) Be constructed and installed in a manner to monitor brake system performance on each stroke. Acceptance and field inspection. The certification/validation process should also confirm that residual hazards identified by operational analysis are addressed by warning, labeling safety instructions or other appropriate means. 1910.218 Forging machines. here. Tight and loose pulleys on all new installations made on or after August 31, 1971, shall be equipped with a permanent belt shifter provided with mechanical means to prevent belt from creeping from loose to tight pulley. (3) Block means a short block of wood, provided with a handle similar to that of a plane and a shoulder at the rear end, which is used for pushing short stock over revolving cutters. All trip and emergency switches shall not be of the automatically resetting type, but shall require manual resetting. For compliance with these requirements, the average value of the stopping time, Ts, shall be the arithmetic mean of at least 25 stops for each stop angle initiation measured with the brake and/or clutch unused, 50 percent worn, and 90 percent worn. Subpart BAdoption and Extension of Established Federal Standards. Forging hammers, counterblow equipment and high-energy-rate forging machines impart impact to the workpiece, while most other types of forging equipment impart squeeze pressure in shaping the stock. Choosing an item from 1910.219 Mechanical power-transmission apparatus. In every case the sides of trough shall extend at least two (2) inches beyond the shafting or protuberance. (4) The mention of specific machines in paragraphs (a) thru (q) and this paragraph (r) of this section, inclusive, is not intended to exclude other woodworking machines from the requirement that suitable guards and exhaust hoods be provided to reduce to a minimum the hazard due to the point of operation of such machines. Navigate by entering citations or phrases 1910.212 General requirements for all machines. (7) Die fastening. A. Certification/validation of hardware design below the system level should be accomplished by test and/or analysis. (i) Suspended counterbalanced tighteners and all parts thereof shall be of substantial construction and securely fastened; the bearings shall be securely capped. (51) Slide means the main reciprocating press member. The guard shall effectively keep the operator's hand from coming in contact with the revolving knives. (i) Vertical and inclined belts shall be enclosed by a guard conforming to standards in paragraphs (m) and (o) of this section. This exception also is referred to as the "minor servicing exception." Instructions for use of the test rod shall be noted on a label affixed to the presence sensing device. (e) Cylinders, cup, or segmental wheels that are mounted in chucks. (5) Sharpening or tensioning of saw blades or cutters shall be done only by persons of demonstrated skill in this kind of work. (D) The requirements for hand tools that may be used in the PSDI mode. For that reason, the prohibitions against die-setting in the PSDI mode, and against production in the inch mode are cited to emphasize that inch operation is of reduced safety and is not compatible with PSDI or other production modes. Its hood shall be so designed that it will automatically cover the lower portion of the blade, so that when the saw is returned to the back of the table the hood will rise on top of the fence, and when the saw is moved forward the hood will drop on top of and remain in contact with the table or material being cut. By a standard guard as described in paragraph (o) of this section, at least seven (7) feet high extending six (6) inches above the mesh point of the gears; or. (65) Validation or validate means for PSDI safety systems that an OSHA recognized third-party validation organization: (i) For design certification/validation has reviewed the manufacturer's certification that the PSDI safety system meets the requirements of 1910.217 (a) through (h) and appendix A and the underlying tests and analyses performed by the manufacturer, has performed additional tests and analyses which may be required by 1910.217 (a) through (h) and appendix A, and concludes that the requirements of 1910.217 (a) through (h) and appendix A have been met; and. The manufacturer shall design a test to demonstrate that the prescribed minimum object sensitivity of the presence sensing device is met. Validation for Design Certification/Validation. [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49750, Oct. 24, 1978; 43 FR 51760; Nov. 7, 1978; 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984; 61 FR 9227, March 7, 1996; 69 FR 31882, June 8, 2004], Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (1) The upper hood shall completely enclose the upper portion of the blade down to a point that will include the end of the saw arbor. This subparagraph does not apply to keys or setscrews within gear or sprocket casings or other enclosures, nor to keys, setscrews, or oilcups in hubs of pulleys less than twenty (20) inches in diameter where they are within the plane of the rim of the pulley. Minimum requirements for this position are a Bachelor's degree in a technical field and five years of professional experience, at least one of which shall have been in responsible charge of a function in the area of testing, quality control or certification/validation of equipment comparable to power presses or their associated control systems. 3 Slenderness ratio formula for short columns is L/d = 11, where L = length of timber in inches and d = least dimension in inches; this ratio should not exceed 11. Guards shall be affixed to the machine where possible and secured elsewhere if for any reason attachment to the machine is not possible. Upon request, the employer must make available to that office all tests and analyses for OSHA review. The letter will provide the specific details of the scope of the OSHA recognition as well as any conditions imposed by OSHA, including any Federal monitoring requirements. Following a deactivation of PSDI by the timer, the system shall make it necessary to reset the set-up/reset means in order to reactivate the PSDI mode. They shall be designed to provide adequate holding power for all the thicknesses of material being cut.

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