That is ~90% our language. Swarte will be awarded a PhD by the University of Groningen on 3 March. Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? There is an old Kajkavian-Chakavian dialect continuum of which little remains, although some of the old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects are still spoken (Jembrigh 2014). Croatian (Stokavski): 98% The intelligibility of Belarussian with both Ukrainian and Russian is a source of controversy. I work with Russians (dro. Ive watched that movie on a croatian television with the croatian subtitle and understood that movie much much better, though Croatian also has a little differences. I can understand about 50% 75% of Bulgarian and Macedonian enough to get buy and carry on a conversation. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. By the way, osnovnata (osnovna-ta) is related to the Czech word osnova (basis, outline). The more the better. Their mutual intelligibility varies greatly, between the dialects themselves, with Shtokavian, and with other languages. 2 Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback 1-03-2023 Mutually Intelligible? Having lived in Moscow and being married to a Russian, I now speak Russian well enough to be mistaken for a Russian-speaking tourist from Poland or Lithuania when in Moscow. Molise Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. Apart lack of understandability there are phrases that could be ill understood with famous Polish I am looking for the broom Subtitles are absurd when 99% of the audience can already understand whats going on. 4. Complicating the picture is the fact that many Ukrainians are bilingual and speak Russian also. It is rather controversial outside Linguistics, as you run into nationalists and other fools who emotionally distort things. I believe Serbs can read both cyrillic and latin without any problem even if that two scripts are mixed in a word or sentence. Mezentseva, Inna. I can illustrate it on the video posted above Vojnata vo Bosna. Russian is partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian, Rusyn and Belarusian. pouv cyrilici, a bantsk norma, kter pouv latinku. Complaints have been made that many of these percentages were simply wild guesses with no science behind them. [8], However, others have suggested that these objections are misguided, as they collapse different concepts of what constitutes a "language".[9]. @AJ If we follow this line of reasoning, it would be correct to conclude that English is highly intelligible to Serbian speakers because most Serbs speak English. Serbo-Croatian and Russian have 10-15% intelligibility, if that, yet written intelligibility is higher at 25%. Less than 90% mutual intelligibility = separate languages. Scientific intelligibility studies of Czech and Slovak have shown ~82% quite high but still low enough for them to be closely related separate languages and not dialects of one language. My parents (and naturally me when I was child) make a lot of mistakes in the word cases and it means that they are (for the speakers from more west Serbian and also Croatian region) the lower social group, that they are not educated enough or that they are unread, and why dont Macedonians in their native language too, especially in ex Yugoslavia. It is important to note that the idea of this paper was try to test "pure inherent intelligibility." A pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a couple of things. And the same problem emerges in other situations. Slow, deliberate speech is not typical. Most people in the region speak Russian with a few Ukrainian words. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? Is Ukrainian more like . Mutual intelligibility with varieties of Serbo-Croatian is hindered by differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, Kajkavian being the most mutually intelligible. For me personally, Serbian is very interesting, because it sounds like Macedonian, but a bit different because of the declensions. As a non-Ukrainian (as well as non-Polish) native speaker, I can understand Ukrainian through Polish more easily than Russian, even though I actually studied Russian formally, but never Ukrainian-:) . There is much nonsense said about the mutual intelligibility of the various languages in the Slavic family. Salute from Czech republic. And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. Funny thing when Slovene tourists come to Dalmatian islands they start to speak awkward Serbo Croatian they learned long ago in yugo schools because they fear of not being understood. He alleges that Sheikh later double-crossed British intelligence. Russian 20 % spoken, 30 % written The more German the Silesian dialect is, the harder it is for Poles to understand. I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. 10%? Method: It is important to note that the percentages are in general only for oral intelligibility and only in the case of a situation of a pure inherent intelligibility test. For Macedonian without knowledge of other Slavic languages is also difficult to understand all the words which come from Russian and which are not current in Macedonian. If you're a foreign student, studying russian, it's unlikely you'd be able to understand Ukrainian at all. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. Bosnian and Montenegrin are also just dialects of Serbian language. Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. It differs from the rest of Silesian in that it has undergone heavy Czech influence. Bulgarian is a pluricentric language it has several literary norms. ", "Moldovan (limba moldoveneasc / )", "Experimental methods for measuring intelligibility of closely related language varieties", "Mutual intelligibility between closely related languages in Europe", Harold Schiffman, "Linguists' Definition: mutual intelligibility", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutual_intelligibility&oldid=1137818628, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2015, Pages with login required references or sources, Articles needing additional references from July 2022, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2015, Articles with self-published sources from April 2020, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Kajkavian has higher mutual intelligibility with Slovene than with the national varieties of Shtokavian. Learning a language becomes fun and easy when you learn with movie trailers, music videos, news and inspiring talks. If the central varieties die out and only the varieties at both ends survive, they may then be reclassified as two languages, even though no actual language change has occurred during the time of the loss of the central varieties. It has a very high degree of mutual intelligibility with Galician (spoken in Northwestern Spain), which is a language thats sort of a cross between Portuguese and Spanish. Download: I speak Slovenian and Croats think that I can speak Kaikavian. The Aegean Macedonian dialects mostly spoken in Greece, such as the Lerinsko-Kostursko and Solunsko-Vodenskadialects, sound more Bulgarian than Macedonian. 25/01/23 | StarsInsider. Kajkavian, especially the ZagorjeKajkaviandialect around Zagreb, is close to theStajerskadialect of Slovene. Often the two languages are genetically related, and they are likely to be similar to each other in grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, or other features. Also I have a long article coming up as a chapter in a peer reviewed book being published out of Turkey. You really need to go look at the new version of the paper. You get 0%. (Download). A Serbian friend of mine was estaunished to see how some Macedonian celebrities speak Serbian on the TV without accent. We in Serbia even had some comic movies that was making fun of south Serbian dialects (that are more related to Bulgarian and Macedonian) with very mocking or even rude comments for someone who make mistakes in the word cases. . Even the most common, most simple words sound alien in spoken Bulgarian, VODA(WATER) is pronounced ,VODA . Usually, theyre at least partially mutually intelligible with the main language they stem from. Polish: Ukrainian and Belarusian (both partially; moreover, . They say, ~60%, ~65%, etc. German is partially mutually intelligible with Yiddish and Dutch. Congratulations on a brilliant article! So I tried with my native Slovenian language and I was surprised how well Bulgars understand Slovenian language. My family comes from Kaikavian (50%), Chakavian (25%) and Shtokavian (25%) areas, but at home, especially last years, we prefer to use only Kaikavian-Chakavian. Belarussian is nonetheless a separate language from both Ukrainian and Russian. Communication about such things is significantly impaired at this level. A prima example of this is Russian where the 5% intelligibility could be pretty accurate in the case of a regular communication, because Russians have a very strong intonation, and they simply dont pronounce vowels properly. Even the basic words are almost the same. Recently a Croatian linguist forwarded a proposal to formally recognize Chakavian as a separate language, but the famous Croatian Slavicist Radoslav Katii argued with him about this and rejected the proposal on political, not linguistic grounds. On the other hand, it can be difficult for Russians to understand Ukrainian (though it is easy for them to learn it). Interesting article uses the Cyrlic script, and a Banat norm, which uses the Latin script. The grammar in both languages is similar, but, predictably, there are a few differences: While Ukrainian includes the past continuous tense, there are only three tenses in Russian (past, present and future). http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings. Despite all of this, Ukrainian and Russian aren't the closest languages in the Slavic language family, and they're not even mutually intelligible. This debate occurred only in Croatian linguistic circles, and the public knows nothing about it (Jembrigh 2014). It is true that Czech is more urban and less folk and many Slovaks study in Czech republic. > Much of the claimed intelligibility was simply bilingual learning. We speak in our own, or we speak locally. . Actually the way it is spoken sometimes sounds more like Slovak to me than Czech or polish does, however past really basic speech it is pretty hard to understand. More? I use Wikipedia as a reference for new languages that Wikipedia misses, like the 4 Croatian languages. Lach is not fully intelligible with Czech; indeed, the differences between Lach and Czech are greater than the differences between Silesian and Polish, despite the fact that Lach has been heavily leveling into Moravian Czech for the last 100 years. As an example, in the case of a linear dialect continuum that shades gradually between varieties, where speakers near the center can understand the varieties at both ends with relative ease, but speakers at one end have difficulty understanding the speakers at the other end, the entire chain is often considered a single language. Russian is partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian, Rusyn and Belarusian. In addition, a Net search was done of forums where speakers of Slavic languages were discussing how much of other Slavic languages they understand. It is an official language of the Bulgarian republic and one of 23 official languages of the European Union. Interesting when one considers that Ukrainians do not even consider Rusyn a real language. The thesis that Bulgarian and Macedonian are the same language is not real in the practice. A Serbian native speaker felt that the percentages for South Slavic seemed to be accurate. These recommendations are based on research into the mutual intelligibility of Germanic languages, conducted by Femke Swarte. He conducts his interviews in Macedonian, and as you can watch , his guests, be they bulgarians, serbs, bosnians, croats have no trouble understanding his questions. Still others (for example, Voegelin and Voegelin 1977) recognize just two main dialect groups: Eastern and Western Ukrainian. It was for me a bit strange, because Bulgarian science still supports the thesis that Macedonian is Bulgarian. He estimated that Belarusian and Ukrainian were at least 80% mutually intelligible, accents and dialect aside, and that Russian was far . Standard Czech and standard Slovak is almost totally intelligible (I would say about 90%) only very few words are of different origin. Sorry for my English, Im still learning itespecially right word order. Speakers of the Torlak dialect (any Torlak dialect) understand Serbo-Croation, Macedonian and Bulgarian with no problem, and can comprehand Slovenian as much as 80-90% within a few weeks of exposure. While the two share a similar grammar system and some vocabulary words, . Its also said that Serbo-Croatian can understand Bulgarian and Macedonian, but this is not true. Also cyrillic in Macedonian is almost as same as Serbian, but many Croats dont know or dont want to know cyrillic, and that makes Macedonian more different to them than to Serbs. However, Bulgarian-Russian written intelligibility is much higher. ????? For example the word najgolemata (the biggest) written in Serbian latin means najvea in Serbian, but I somehow know what golem/golema means, but when I hear this ta (definite article) in the end of the word, that sounds Macedonian to me more than golema, prefix naj (makes superlative form) is the same in Serbian. They sometimes say that youngsters do not but that is just a myth. 40% of Silesian vocabulary is different from Polish, mostly Germanisms. It forms a single tongue and is not several separate languages as many insist. Conclusion: Thus, this exposure gives them an edge when trying to understand Czech. Hutsul, Lemko, Boiko speech (small Ukrainian/Rusyn dialects) stangely enough, more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. This is heartening, although Kajkavian as an existing spoken lect also needs to be recognized as a living language instead of a dialect of Croatian, whatever that word means. Mutually Intelligible And Different. Czech and Slovak are more intelligible to me then Slovenian with Slovak more so then Czech. In fact, people in the north of Poland regard Silesian as incomprehensible. Frequency of exposure is one of the main causes of this. Most native speakers agree on MI. Yes because governments dont conspire do they except for the Gulf of Tonkin, Iraq war, drug trafficking, coups, supporting the same Islamic terrorism which is even mentioned in main stream press during the 90s with links to the 9/11 hijackers which we are now supposably fighting a phoney war on terror against. Yes and if you could more than one listener, it would be great. Because of all of this, tokavian speaker has a hard time understanding fast talking akavian speakers. Problem is the spoken form, as Bulgarians dont speak as it is written, which is the case with serbian or croatian. Of course, the interviews are subtitled in Macedonian, but even an untrained ear and eye can see how similar these languages are. It is no surprise that Ukrainian (and to a smaller extent) Belarusian have tons of Polish words, and are therefore more lexically similar to Polish than to Russian. There is one factor they dont know about the internet. But reading a Bulgarian text is surprisingly easy, because the phonology and vocabulary are very similar. However, any suggestions that Kajkavian is a separate language are censored on Croatian TV (Jembrigh 2014). In fact, I would probably have a hard time to understand a Czech speaking with such an intonation. I dismiss some of the wilder conspiracy stuff out of hand. Kajkavski it seems has changed less than akavski. This term is similar to linguistic distance in that it can reflect how similar or different languages are. Because they use different alphabets, German and Yiddish are only mutually intelligible when spoken. The idea is that the Kajkavian and Chakavian languages simply do not exist, though obviously they are both separate languages. As an addendum, Id like to make it known that my own grandmother, who hails from a village some twenty kilometers southwest of Ni, got lost in Belgrade once but has no problem getting around Skopje. Usama Bin Laden is wanted in connection with the August 7, 1998, bombings of the United States Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. The Croatians left Croatia and came to Italy from 1400-1500. Zona Zamfirova is the movie in a Serbian dialect, but I dont understand it as same as I dont understand Macedonian or even more so, that is more like Bulgarian with the hard vowels. wovel a shifts to o not shits hahhaha sorry. Hello everyone, About the mistakes Russian, Polish, Czech, and Ukrainian materials are available. Additionally, Norwegian assimilated a considerable amount of Danish vocabulary as well as traditional Danish expressions. Paul McGrane. Young czechs and slovaks communicate on internet on daily basis and they understand each other just perfectly. I can grasp only something in the sense that these four periods have different names and that they dont designate different languages (delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici), but only periods of the development of Bulgarian (samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik), with typical changes or features (za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi).

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